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Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. ISSN 0122-1701 y ISSN-e: 2344-7214

Scientific literature on information and

communication technologies in ecotourism

Literatura científica sobre tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en

ecoturismo

H.F. Vargas-Losada ; E.E Millán-Rojas ;S. Cárdenas-Martínez

DOI: https://DOI.org/10.22517/23447214.25298

Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica

Abstract— The objective of this article is to identify the scientific

production in the use of information and communication

technologies (ICT) in the contribution and promotion of nature

tourism. Its methodological development was built from a work of

scientific bibliometric analysis under an exploratory-quantitative

character, allowing the integration and application of statistical

processes expressed from the technological tools used such as

VosViewer, SciMat, and Bibliometrix of R. The indicators used

emphasized academic activities (publications, dispersion,

collaboration) and impact at the level of citation, co-citation, and

impact factor, The scientific production extracted for the search

period between 2011 and the first semester of 2020 was 356

documents. As a result, the analysis and graphs of the evolution of

publications, geographical origin, and types of documents were

obtained, as well as the themes and trends associated with

technologies and the analysis of journals, authors, citations, and

influential keywords, the large number of tourism proposals

implemented in the world on natural environments and supported

with digital technologies for their development, This reality is

reflected in the documents generated in the last five years, where

212 articles in 129 journals have reflected this evolution. To

conclude with a quantitative analysis of each of the categories

studied and the examination of the inclusion of ICT in nature

tourism, based on the publications in the Scopus database. The

areas in which the publications are located are focused on

environmental, social, agricultural, ICT, and biological sciences,

where the context of the publications is based on the new tourism

alternatives that seek the protection of natural resources, the low

impact on the environment, the monitoring of sites and tourists

and the control of the spaces in which this economic activity is

carried out, supporting many countries, especially those of the

emerging economies. A total of 216 journals were identified.

Index Terms— Bibliometrics, Green tourism, Information

technology, Scientific computing, Telecommunication.

This manuscript was submitted on June 11, 2021, accepted on October 02,

2022 and published on December 15, 2023. The article is framed in the research

project "Sociocultural and environmental strategies for the promotion of

community ecotourism in the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá", financed by

the "Autonomous Heritage National Fund for Science, Technology and

Innovation Financing Francisco José de Caldas" in agreement with Colciencias,

now the Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation of Colombia, the

University of the Amazonia, Florencia Caquetá, Colombia.

H.F. Vargas-Losada , PhD Student in Education and Environmental Culture,

Faculty of Education Sciences, Associate Professor, Systems Engineering

Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Amazonia, Florencia,

Resumen— El objetivo del artículo es identificar la producción

científica en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la

comunicación (TIC) en el aporte e impulso del turismo de

naturaleza. Su desarrollo metodológico se construyó a partir de un

trabajo de análisis bibliométrico científico bajo un carácter

exploratorio-cuantitativo, permitiendo integrar y aplicar procesos

estadísticos expresados desde las herramientas tecnológicas

usadas como VosViewer, SciMat y Bibliomterix de R. Los

indicadores utilizados se enfatizaron en actividades académicas

(publicaciones, dispersión, colaboración) y en impacto a nivel de

citación, co-citacion, factor de impacto, La producción científica

extraída para periodo de búsqueda comprendido entre el año 2011

y el primer semestre de 2020 fue de 356 documentos. Como

resultados se obtuvieron los análisis de la evolución de

publicaciones, procedencia geográfica y tipos de documentos, al

igual las temáticas y tendencias tecnologías asociadas y el análisis

de revistas, autores, citas y palabras claves influyentes, el gran

numero propuestas turísticas implementadas en el mundo sobre

los entornos naturales y apoyadas con tecnologías digitales para su

desarrollo, esta realidad se refleja con los documentos generados

en los últimos cinco años donde 212 artículos en 129 revistas han

reflejado esta evolución . Para concluir con un análisis cuantitativo

de cada una de las categorías estudiadas y el examen de la inclusión

de las TIC en el turismo de naturaleza, basándose en las

publicaciones en la base de datos de Scopus. Las áreas en las cuales

las publicaciones están ubicadas se centran en las ciencias

ambientales, sociales, agrícolas y biológicas en donde el contexto

de las publicaciones se fundamenta alternativas turísticas que

buscan la protección de los recursos naturales, el seguimiento de

sitios, turistas y el control de espacios donde se desarrolla esta

actividad sobre todo los de economías emergentes. Para ello se

identificaron un total de 216 revistas.

Palabras claves— Bibliometría, Computación científica,

Tecnologías de la Información, Telecomunicaciones, Turismo

verde.

Caquetá, Colombia. Zip code 180001, Campus Porvenir Street 17 Diagonal 17

with 3F - District “Porvenir” (e-mail: heri.vargas@udla.edu.co ).

Doctor of Engineering, associate professor, Systems Engineering program,

Faculty of Engineering. University of the Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá,

Colombia. Zip code 180001, Campus Porvenir Street 17 Diagonal 17 with 3F -

District “Porvenir”, (e-mail: e.millan@udla.edu.co).

Systems Engineering Student, Faculty of Engineering, University of the

Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Zip code 180001, Campus Porvenir

Street 17 Diagonal 17 with 3F - District “Porvenir”, (e-mail:

st.cardenas@udla.edu.co ).

198

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

INTRODUCTION

HE development of nature tourism seeks the establishment

of the sustainable development goals proposed by the

United Nations to incorporate the economic, social, and

environmental dimensions that intercept the sustainability of

alternative

tourism

models.

Some

proposals

focus

sustainable tourism to improve regions and encourage visitors'

spending while preserving the environment and the quality of

life of the community [1]–[3]. In addition, others are

responsible for identifying ecotourism development

capabilities as one of the most important priorities of any

country based on sustainable development [4],[5].

The high availability of georeferenced databases as well as

the widespread use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

is materializing in the proliferation of studies that analyze the

distribution patterns of tourist territories, land use,

identification of potential sites ecotourism, spatial

restructuring, remote sensing, monitoring, and visitor

occupation, among other actions, are used to strengthen nature

tourism with the transversality of technologies [6]–[12]. As a

result, ICTs are presented as strategies to support and promote

sustainable tourism development in the territories [13]–[15].

This article contributes to the literature by identifying the

inclusion of information and communication technologies

(ICTs) in nature tourism by using scientific mapping to inform

and synthesize research conducted between 2011 and the first

half of 2020. The methodological design is built based on the

exploratory method with a quantitative approach. The research

questions were developed to achieve a bibliometric review of

ICT and nature tourism. The following are the research

questions: PI1: What are the characteristics of academic papers

on the inclusion of information and communication

technologies in nature tourism published between 2011 and

2020?; PI2: What is the intellectual structure of the knowledge

base on the inclusion of information and communication

technologies in nature tourism?; PI3: Which journals, authors,

and documents on the inclusion of information and

communication technologies in nature tourism have achieved

the greatest academic impact?. This bibliometric review

identified 427 documents exported from the Scopus database.

R's Scopus, Excel, VOSviewer, SciMat, and Bibliometrix

software are used to carry out a set of statistics, citations,

analyses, and concurrency employed in scientific mapping

studies [16]–[18].

The article is organized as follows: Section 3.1 is an analysis

of the evolution of publications, their geographical origin, and

types of documents. Scientific production is expressed for

durations, their sources, and relationships to end with the types

of documents extracted. Section 3.2 carried out the thematic

analysis and trends in technologies associated with nature

tourism. The purpose of this section is to visualize the evolution

of motor themes, the relationships between them, and the few

developed and marginalized. Section 3.3 deals with the analysis

of influential journals, authors, quotations, and keywords. To

do this, the frequencies of journals, citations, and keywords

reflect the attention and impact of researchers on this scientific

mapping.

The purpose of this article was to develop a significant

reference on work carried out on the inclusion of ICTs to

support nature tourism. Scopus is selected as a data source due

to its large volume and high impact. For researchers in

information and communication technologies in nature tourism,

bibliometric methods provide a great deal of knowledge in

trends, citations, journals, organizations, and authors, among

other relationships. The strategies for the use of ICT in nature

tourism are increasing, but the implementations are scarce. The

article provides a valuable reference in this synergy. It is also a

support to those interested in these review methods.

II.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The article does address a scientific bibliometric analysis

under an exploratory-quantitative character. Allowing to

integration and application of statistical processes expressed

from the technological tools used for this mapping such as

VosViewer, SciMat, and Bibliomterix of R. The indicators used

were emphasized in academic activities (publication

production, collaboration, thematic evolution, indexing,

groupings, and coupling) and the impact at the citation level

(co-citation, impact factor, analysis of titles, summaries, and

keywords). In this way, the interpretation of academic

productivity and international trends is clear.

His proposed methodology was based on the concepts

presented by [20], reflected in Fig 1. The following are the

activities: definition of the questions to be investigated, the

structure of the search, review of the documents, classification

according to the abstracts, and systematic mapping [20].

Process Steps

Resear

Condu

Screeni

ng of

Keywo

rding

Data

Extracti

Revie

All

papers

Releva

Classif

ication

Syste

matic

Outcomes

Fig. 1 Methodology of the scientific mapping study. Source: Scientific

Mapping Study Methodology (SMS) [21].

Research questions

According to [21], within its theoretical framework, the

initial approach must present a set of scientific questions. Three

research questions were defined to establish the knowledge

developed to date about the study. Seeks to implement a

systematic mapping to identify scientific production in the use

of ICT in the contribution and boost of tourism of nature.

•

What is the evolution of publications, their geographical

origin, and the types of research developed?

•

What is the research carried out, its principal focuses, and

topics of interest?

•

What are the most cited authors and works, associated

technologies, and commonly used keywords?

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

199

The purpose of the questions is to identify the technologies,

components, and systems used in the promotion,

implementation, and support of tourism of nature.

Search development

The Scopus database does use for the selection of primary

studies. It is currently the largest multidisciplinary database of

peer-reviewed citations and literature summaries [22]. Scopus

was launched in 2004 and contains more than 70 million

records published in more than 25,100 titles (5,500 open access)

in nearly 5,000 international publishers, offering the most

comprehensive picture of the production of world research in

the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and

the arts and humanities [23].

The choice of this database is justified by the indexation

coverage of scientific journals related to tourism [24], [25] and

the support of technological tools specialized in scientific

mapping that make the reception of the files generated by

Scopus.

As a strategy for finding scientific production associated

with the use of technology in nature tourism, a search

expression is defined based on the tools offered by Scopus for

this task. This expression used connectors (“AND” and “OR”)

and quotation marks for accuracy in scanning, a date limitation

was made seeking to minimize results (between 2011 and the

first half of 2020). The following was the expression used in

court in July 2020 that generated a set of 427 documents.

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "ecotourism" OR "nature tourism"

OR "eco-tourism" OR "rural tourism" ) AND ( "ICT" OR

"social networking" OR "virtual reality" OR "augmented

reality" OR "Sensor" OR "IoT" OR "Big data" OR "NFC"

OR "Li-fi" OR "WEB" OR "mobile" OR "GIS" ) ) AND

PUBYEAR > 2010.

For bibliometric analysis, records of the 427 documents were

downloaded from the Scopus source. The exported file is in

CSV format (comma-separated values). The download

included metadata about citation information, bibliographic

information, summary, keywords, and citation indices. This

information was initially reviewed in the Microsoft Office

Excel software, and VOSviewer, SciMat, Bibliometrix de R,

and ultimately Mendeley used as manager of bibliographic

references [26]–[28].

Filtering results

For this study of scientific mapping in the use of

technology in nature tourism, the following inclusion and

exclusion criteria were defined from the data obtained by the

defined search expression.

Inclusion criteria:



All articles, book chapters, and conferences are

published in English follow a peer-review process, and

have their full texts available.



Nature tourism and technologies should be the focus

of research, not a tangential issue.



Research should include one of these words

"ecotourism", "nature tourism", "eco-tourism" or

"rural tourism" as an essential part and its conjunction

with any of the following words that include the

technologies present in this tourist activity "ICT",

"social networking", "virtual reality", "augmented

reality", "Sensor", "IoT", "Big data", "NFC", "Li-fi",

"WEB", "mobile" or "GIS".

Exclusion criteria:



All articles, book chapters, and conferences write

before 2011.



Documents that have not passed a peer-review process

(prefaces, publishers).



Works that do not have their full texts available.



Works in languages other than English or Spanish.



Research that does not include in the title, summary or

keywords of a term that includes digital technologies

applied in nature tourism “ICT", "social networking",

"virtual reality", "augmented reality", "Sensor", "IoT",

"Big data", "NFC", "Li-fi", "WEB", "mobile" o "GIS".

Classification of jobs

For the classification of the documents, the reading of the

title, summary, and keywords was made after the filtering

process. The Works were classified into three categories: focus,

input, and research context. For work that was not sufficient

with prior reading, the entire document was used to determine

its classification.

The following criteria were used for the classification of

documents, which provide structure at the level of technologies,

type of tourism, and research contributions:

•

Type of technology used

•

Tourism intervention areas

•

Research contributions

III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A summary of data extraction is presented in Table I, which

shows the number of published documents on the use of digital

technologies in nature tourism during the period 2011 to the

first half of 2020. The disclosed manuscripts were taken from

Scopus as a high-impact database [22]. The information covers

10 years, with an average of 3.95 documents per term and an

average of 1.65 per source.

The scientific production for the period 2011 to 2015 is

34%, there is evidence of higher production in the last 5 years

with more than 65% of this scientific mapping.

TABLE I

MAIN INFORMATION OF CLEANED DOCUMENTS

Description

Results

Period

2011:

2015

2016: first

semester 2020

2011: first

semester 2020

Sources (Magazines,

Books, etc.)

112

129

216

Documents

144

212

356

200

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

2010 2012 2014

2016

Years

2018 2020 2022

Libros

Chapters of

Conferences

20%

Articles

73%

Review

Others

Source: own elaboration. Generated from Bibliometrix 3.0 (Aria y Cuccurullo,

2019)

The following are the research questions defined above that

guide this systematic mapping study (SMS) [25], [29].

Evolution of publications, geographical origin, and types

of documents

The evolution of scientific publications is presented in Fig.2

where a peak of scientific publications is evident in 2019.

Fig. 1. Annual scientific production. Source: own elaboration based on Scopus

information.

The Fig. 3 presents publications by the country where the

color intensity is the largest participation. For Latin America,

the nations of Brazil and Mexico represent the countries with

the highest generation of publications. Many of Asia's countries

are emerging economies and seek development processes by

boosting nature's tourism for its high biodiversity and

geographical location [30],[31].

The great Anglo-American and European contribution to

this distribution is not surprising due to the general domain of

both the publications of articles and in the publication of

journals [27],[32]. Production has intensified in recent years

due to the emergence of new tourist destinations and impacting

remote communities [33]–[36]. Also, there is an increase in the

community over the concern of sustainable development

supported by the implementation of technologies [37],[38].

Fig. 2. Scientific production by country. Source: own elaboration. Generated

from Bibliometrix.

Fig. 4 presents the different types of scientific production

documents obtained from Scopus. This shows the number of

tourism proposals implemented in the world on natural

environments and supported by digital technologies for their

development (scientific articles), with significant growth in the

last five years, where 212 articles were produced in 129

journals.

Fig. 3. Document types. Source: own elaboration based on Scopus information.

The collaboration between countries is presented with a link

between them (red), which the thicker it means a greater

relationship and the intensity of blue color in the geographical

space of nations accredits the productivity of documents of the

use of technologies in nature tourism (Fig. 5). China, the United

States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and Australia are the

countries with the highest number of projects reflected in the

articles obtained, but the relations between them are headed by

China, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Australia

where nature tourism provides as a screed of the economy.

European policy supports these rural sustainable development

initiatives where communities are beneficiaries of these

development funds [39].

Fig. 5. Country collaboration map. Source: own elaboration based on Scopus

information. Generated from Bibliometrix.

The countries with the highest academic production are

China, Spain, the United States, Korea, and Portugal where

collaboration rates are externalized (MCP y SCP). Although

inter-country collaboration is not carried out in all documents

of this scientific literature, 11 of the top 20 nations have a

collaborative index between them in which China and Portugal

lead these partnerships, see ¡Error! No se encuentra el origen

de la referencia..

No. of Articles

Annual average since

publication

6,8

2,01

3,95

Average citations per

document

10,84

4,25

6,916

Average citations per

year per document

1.391

1.255

1,31

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

201

Fig. 6. Author of the country of the corresponding. Source: own elaboration.

Thematic evolution and trends associated technologies.

The Sankey diagram analyzes data visually see Fig. 7 [18],

[40]. The chart visualizes the thematic evolution of the use of

technologies in nature tourism throughout the established

period. As a result, it was possible to analyze the flow

conditions of the different topics and relationships in the field

of research.

The thematic evolution map does use to analyze the

development of the use of technologies in nature tourism

throughout the research process and identify the path of the

topic and its trend of change. The features in adjacent study time

zones are connected to represent temporary continuity between

research topics. The visual characteristics of the line are the

width and color. Amplitude does use to indicate the number of

keywords shared. The thicker the line, the greater the relevance

of the topics. The topics studied are distinguished by color

variation (see Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. Thematic evolution. Source: own elaboration. Generated from

Bibliometrix.

The thematic evolution of this study presents two terms that

mark a relevance, the first the Geographic Information Systems

(GIS) these tend towards the definition of tourist potentials, as

well as their implementation and use in rural tourism, their

purpose is still present today. The second term rural tourism

presents evolution towards sustainability, mobile applications,

the use of social networks and continues to grow focused on

regional development. In general, developments are present in

the use of soils, green infrastructure, protected areas,

sustainable tourism, and the support of technologies from their

cross-cutting path.

The strategic diagram presented in Fig. 8 as expressed by

[40] is a two-dimensional space where the themes are located

according to their centrality (x-axis) and their density (y-axis)

framed in the four quadrants. In each diagram, the size of the

sphere is proportional to the number of records associated with

each research topic.

In the first quadrant located at the top right are developed

relevant topics in the context of research called motor topics

[48]. In this case, the terms of environmental protection are

reflected as the principal unity then multicriteria analysis, data,

computers, digital and natural resources, these words are

externally related to concepts applicable to other topics. In the

quadrant located at the top left, they present terms such as

interviews, and nitrate agents do very well-developed internal

bonds, so they have marginal importance in the scientific field.

These themes are characterized by being very specialized and

being very peripheral (Highly developed and isolated topics).

In the lower-left quadrant are the very underdeveloped and

marginal themes. These themes have a low density and

centrality, their most relevant feature is that they are emerging

or disappearing issues. These words are the makeup of

marketing, software, green technology, intelligence, and

investment. The topics depicted in the lower right quadrant are

relevant in the scientific field of work but are not well

developed. These are the cross-cutting and generic topics, for

this mapping we show the tourist destinations, ecotourism

services, and wetlands i.e., they are essential points of the

scientific field to be developed.

Fig. 8. Strategic diagram by documents and H Index. Source: own elaboration

based on information from Scopus, through SciMat.

The theme network presented in Fig. 9 demonstrates the

motor terms located in the right upper quadrant of a strategic

diagnosis (Fig. 8). In the item (a) network presents the graph of

the term environmental protection, which is the most important

of this analysis, its relevant links are the protected geographic

information systems, area, and ecosystems. In-network b)

called data, its edges relate to the web, sensors, database,

networks between other terms that represent the handling of

information. The computer network c) presents relationships

with words such as virtual reality, QR codes, information

services, Markov chains, SOA, and the term Ecotourism as a

larger node. The digital network (d) consists of nodes such as

mobile telephony, information system, innovation, tourist

destinations, sites, and soil use, the latter two have a stable

relationship that is evidenced by the thickener of the edge.

These sets of terms presented on the networks represent the

influence of digital technologies on the tourism of nature. The

TURKEY

FINLAND

NORWAY

AUSTRALIA

IRAN

KOREA

CHINA

MCP

SCP

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

No. of documents

Countries

202

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

related categories from GIS are the use of soils, the definition

of tourist destined, tourist projections, and other follow-up and

control actions. New technological trends such as virtual

reality, augmented reality, mobile telephony, mobile and web

applications, databases, and the general use of the internet,

project a groove and innovation in the development of tourist

alternatives.

a) Environmental protection b) Data

c) Computer d) Digital

Fig.9. Cluster Network. Source: own elaboration based on information from

Scopus, though.

Cluster analysis in Bibliometry did based on the frequency

of occurrence of two keywords some hierarchical grouping

method of the Bibliometrix library did use in R. These words

are grouped together and then combined with other groups of a

greater degree of similarity, of this form, a new cluster did

construct, this fusion is valid until the individuals do group [18].

Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is an approach to

compressing big data with many variables in a low-dimension

space. That generates a two-dimensional or three-dimensional

intuitive graph using the flat distance to reflect the similarity

between keywords. As words approach the center position, they

indicate great attention in recent years. The closer to the edge,

the narrower the subject of study or the transition to other topics

[18].

Fig. 10 shows two red conglomerates that present research

into technologies in nature tourism. This cluster has as

keywords "internet" and "social networks" these are the closest

to the center and of great request. This evidence: web-supported

technologies project the evolution of nature tourism. The edges

of the cluster consist of telemetry, ecotourism, virtual reality,

rural development, and information and communication

technologies to the general child [35], [41]–[47].

Cluster two reflects Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

as the most relevant keyword. The word relates to

environmental monitoring and the search for tourist

environments and the quality of soil use, how natural resources

are conserved [12], [48]–[50].

Fig. 10. Thematic groupings. Source: own elaboration based on information

from Scopus, through Bibliometrix.

Analysis of influential journals, authors, citations, and

keywords

The following analysis focuses on the identification and

production of major journals, organizations, authors,

quotations, and keywords that contribute to the use of

technologies in nature tourism. This can be seen in table II.

TABLE II.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE MOST PRODUCTIVE JOURNALS

Journal

Area

Countr

H_in

dex

G_i

nde

Sustainabili

(switzerlan

Social

Sciences

Switzer

land

Journal of

sustainable

tourism

Agricultura

l and

biological

sciences

United

Kingdo

Tourism

managemen

Social

Sciences

United

Kingdo

Lecture

notes in

computer

science

Computer

science

Germa

Land use

policy

Agricultura

l and

biological

sciences

Hollan

Shengtai

xuebao/

acta

ecológica

sinica

Agricultura

l and

biological

sciences

China

Environme

ntal

monitoring

and

assessment

Environme

ntal

sciences

Hollan

Advances

intelligent

systems and

computing

Computer

science

Germa

Journal of

ecotourism

Business,

Manageme

nt and

Accounting

United

Kingdo

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203

Journal of

mountain

science

Earth and

Planet

Sciences

China

Tourism

geographies

Environme

ntal

sciences

United

States

Source: own elaboration

The highest percentage of high-production magazines are of

European, Chinese, and North American origin. Of the set of

sources (216 journals), 164 have published only one article that

is about 76% of this set. At the quartile level, a high inference

assessment of the quality of documents produced within the

thematic approach does show. While Q1 and Q2 each with five

journals and one in Q3. This distribution suggests that the

thematic approach is DOIng published in high-impact and

quality resources. The above are approximate variables for

measuring the quality of research (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11. Bibliographic coupling of journals. Source: own elaboration based on

information from Scopus, through VosViewer.

Table III reflects the productivity of authors who have

researched the subject. More than three authors do evidence per

document on average too of 97% of scientific production is

carried out by multi-authorship.

TABLE III

RESULTS OF AUTHORS BY DOCUMENTS

Description

Results

Authors

1316

Authors of individually authored documents

Authors of multi-authorship documents

1276

Individual authorship documents

Documents by author

0,324

Authors by documents

3,08

Co-Authors by documents

3,51

Collaboration Index

3,45

Source: own elaboration

Table IV presents the principal authors with the most

significant impact by the H index, it indicates the minimum

number of times an author or journal has been cited. Jeong JS

has the highest H index and the highest number of articles. In

general, this table exhibits the most productive authors in this

field during the period 2011- the first half of 2020.

TABLE IV

IMPACT OF THE AUTHORS

Authors

Index

PY_sta

Jeong js

0,571

2014

Cherrett t

0,375

2013

Davies n

0,375

2013

Deng j

0,429

2014

Dickinson je

0,375

2013

Filimonau v

0,375

2013

Garcia-moruno l

0,429

2014

Hernandez jm

0,3

2011

Norgate s

0,375

2013

Santana-Jimenez

0,3

2011

Speed c

0,375

2013

Suarez-vega r

0,3

2011

Wang x

0,3

2011

Cetin m

140

2018

Source: own elaboration

The map depicted in Fig. 12 shows two groups of thought

determined by the size, dispersion, and coherence of the sets.

These schools of thought are about: rural tourism, multicriteria

decisions, geographic information systems (GIS), mobile

applications, social networks, and the web. The formation of

these groupings of authors based on the analysis of the

subpoena. It also reveals the evolution of research lines to

define a knowledge base of the use of technologies in the

construction of new tourism alternatives in the world. The red

group of six authors, they focus on the work of tourist

communities, the use of social networks and mobile

applications, and ways to generate sustainable practices during

visits to destinations [51], [52].

The currents of thoughts represented in the green cluster, led

by Jeong JS presents in its studies the implementation of

technologies to determine the use of soils in ecotourist

geographical spaces and thereby establish the possibilities and

potentials of this activity based on natural resources in these

areas [53], [54].

Fig. 12. Author citation analysis network. Source: own elaboration based on

information from Scopus, through VosViewer.

With the use of VosViewer was made in the analysis of the

co-citation of authors, the visual-spatial representation of this

intellectual structure presents the similarities between authors

united in groups that interpret a field of thinking. The

interpretation of the co-citation map begins with the author's

notes where the bubble size reflects the relative volume of the

204

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

author's co-citations [55]. The proximity of the nodes to each

other represents the degree of intellectual affinity of the authors

based on the number of their co-citations. The links between

specific authors represent the citations of the authors by other

academics. This is presented in Fig. 13 shows a network of

seven clusters where Saaty (90 subpoenas) and Malczewski (69

subpoenas) lead the red group by their node size and the number

of relationships with their group and external groups.

Fig. 13. Network of co-citations by authors. Source: own elaboration based on

information from Scopus, through VosViewer

On the left side of the network is the dark blue cluster in

which Buhalis with 75, Law with 64, and Gretzel with 53

subpoenas generate the axis of this graph of co-citation

relationships most important of this conglomerate.

The purple cluster located on the right side of the network,

although small, has relationships with six (6) of the seven (7)

groups. The authors with the highest number of citations are

Brow (79) and Buckley (47). The groups defined by the yellow

and green color are very similar in their dimensions, where a

very homogeneous number of citations is evident by each

author. These citations are in a range of 32 to 48. Its most

prominent exponent is Hall (48), Liu (35), and Li (32), which

has a high coupling. In general, the network expresses high

coherence and coupling by exhibiting an evolution and use of

new or continuous thoughts over time. Technologies are

reflected as cross-cutting and relevant in tourism development

by some concepts as evolutionary axes in their progress.

Titles and summaries did use for scientific mapping. Using

a minimum number of occurrences of 10 times per term, this

determined three groups of words. That did reflect in Fig. 14

with the three red, green, and blue clusters. The red group

demonstrates the terms of tourist destination, technology, and

their implementation through the internet, rural, and community

tourism. In the blue cluster, the axis is on the word China as a

reference for tourism strategies, and in the green group with the

term, Geographic Information System (GIS) is the most

successful. GIS did use for assessments, criteria, maps, and

methodologies for implementing tourist sites.

Fig. 14. Bibliographic map of titles and Abstracts. Source: own elaboration

based on information from Scopus, through VosViewer.

Despite the current relevance of keyword use in various

analyses, 41 documents that do not have this section did identify

during the review. The rest of the documents apply keyword co-

occurrence analysis. The most matched terms are geographic

information system (94), ecotourism (64), rural tourism (42),

and sustainable tourism (14). Words with a minimum level of

occurrence such as augmented reality, virtual reality, fuzzy

logic, smart tourism, social networks but are technological

trends that are coexisting in tourism development according to

innovate and be implemented. The above container did see in

the word cloud reflected in Fig. 15. Criteria associated with the

search for economic development, smart tourism, and actions

related to ICT-mediated tourism options [2], [56]–[63].

Fig. 4. Keyword cloud. Source: own elaboration based on information from

Scopus. Through Bibliometrix.

Ecotourism and rural tourism are the main tourist

alternatives implemented in the world. Technologies always

accompany tourism. Within the analysis, the relevant word is

GIS for its wide range of work. That did reflect in the high

performance of this technology in different fields related to

tourism. Also, new technologies such as augmented and virtual

reality, social networks, mobile devices, telemetry, the Internet

of Things, among others, are contributing to the evolution of

nature tourism from sustainable aspects and seeking to

minimize environmental impacts.

IV.

CONCLUSIONS

This study examined the inclusion of information and

communication technologies in nature tourism in the period

2011 to the first half of 2020, based on publications in the

Scopus database. Although this study is not the first attempt at

a comprehensive and systematic review of academic research

in nature tourism, it is a study to build an orderly conceptual

structure by applying bibliometric techniques. Also, the brief

Scientia et Technica Año XXVIII, Vol. 28, No. 04, octubre-diciembre de 2023. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

205

offers researchers the opportunity to position their research

within this evolving field, allowing the identification of new

avenues of research.

The Scientific production of 356 documents did extract in

the search period from 2011 to the first half of 2020. In the last

three years, about 37% of scientific production did locate.

Regarding geographical production by continent, Asia and

Europe did see as the leaders with 85%, and the remaining 15%

makes helping by America and Oceania. 49% of publications

from geographical sources did consolidate in four countries.

The largest share is from China with 22%, followed by Spain

with 11% and then the United States and Iran with 8% each.

Finally, scientific articles did find to represent 73%,

conferences 20%, book chapters 4%, review articles 2%, and

review conferences 1%. This shows the large number of tourist

proposals implemented in the world on natural environments

supported by digital technologies for their development. This

reality did reflect in the documents generated in the last five

years where 212 articles in 129 journals have manifested this

evolution.

The highest percentage of high-production journals are of

European, Chinese, and North American origin. Of the set of

sources (216 journals) only 164 have published an article, this

is about 76% of this group. At the quartile level, a good

inference assessment is shown on the quality of documents

produced within the thematic approach where Q1 and Q2 each

with five journals and one in Q3. This distribution talks about

the thematic approach being published in high-impact and

quality resources. Where these variables are used to measure

the quality of research.

The nine (9) evolutionary processes expressed in the

diagram "fy" as different paths, but the most representative is

the GIS group, which was consolidated by the decision-making,

remote sensing, and sustainable tourism group. The second

group at the level of relevance did makeup of rural tourism has

contributions from regional development and the emergence of

new technologies such as virtual reality, fuzzy logic without

being far from green infrastructure is evident.

The publications analyzed did locate in the environmental,

social, agricultural, and biological sciences. A total of 216

journals did identify for this purpose. The most productive are

Sustainability (Switzerland) with 28 articles and the Journal of

Sustainable Tourism with 12 articles each. At the level of

quartiles within the thematic approach, a good inference

evaluation of the quality of the documents produced is shown.

The means Q1 and Q2 present five magazines each and one

in Q3. The context of the articles based on new tourist

alternatives that seek the protection of natural resources, the

low impact on the environment, the monitoring of sites, tourists,

and the control of the spaces. The above to develop the

economic activity generated by tourism and support emerging

economies.

In this area of research on the use of ICT in nature tourism,

terms

such

augmented

reality,

virtual

reality,

social

networks, internet, big data, fuzzy logic, mobile applications,

and smart tourism appear in a minimum percentage as

keywords in publications articles. That establishes the ICT

areas where the work will implement to increase the results of

the use of the technologies included in the development of

nature tourism. The lines are established and require research to

expand the indicators to improve the effects of sustainable

development of sustainable tourism or supported by

technologies.

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Heriberto Fernando Vargas Losada.

Born in Valparaíso-Caquetá, Colombia in

1974. He studied Systems Engineering at

the Central University, Bogota, graduated

in 1997. He completed his specialization

studies in Pedagogical Evaluation from the

Catholic University of Manizales in 2007.

He graduated from the master’s degree in

Information and Communications

Sciences from

the University

the

Francisco José de Caldas District in 2013. Doctor in Education

and Environmental Culture with the University of the Amazon

in 2023. Occasional professor of the Systems Engineering

program of the University of the Amazonia since 2004, Junior

researcher according to Minciencias Colombia classification,

leader of the Research Group Knowledge Management-

Electronic-Informatics and Communications (GIECOM) of the

University of the Amazonia categorized in Minciencias

Colombia.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-0793

Stefany Cardenas Martinez. He was

born in Bethlehem of the Andaquíes,

Caquetá, on November 19, 2000,

Systems Engineering at the University in

the Amazonia of Florence Caquetá in

2022. Member of the Research Group on

Knowledge Management, Electronics,

Computer Science and Communications

– GIECOM.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-4601,

Edwin Eduardo Millán Rojas. Born in

Florencia-Caquetá, Colombia in 1978.

He studied Systems Engineering at the

Francisco José de Caldas District

University, an agreement with the

University of Amazonia, graduated in

2004. He finished his studies in Software

Engineering Specialization at the

INCCA University of Colombia in 2006, graduated in the

Master of Information and Communications Sciences at the

Francisco José de Caldas District University in 2012, Doctor of

Engineering from the Francisco José de Caldas District

University in 2016. He has worked since 2006 as a professor of

Systems Engineering at the University of the Amazonia,

Associate Researcher according to the announcement of

Colciencias, director of the Research Group in Computer

Science, Innovation and Technology of the University of the

Amazonia – GITUA-.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2980-1269