Determinacion de la actividad antifúngica de extractos vegetales sobre el hongo mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet
Abstract
Los cultivos de plátano, banano y heliconias (Musaceae) son afectados por el hongo ascomiceto Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet agente causante de la enfermedad más destructiva de estos cultivos conocida como Sigatoka negra, generando perdidas económicas considerables tanto para los grandes como los pequeños cultivadores. En el control de esta enfermedad, se emplean diversos tipos de fungicidas de origen sintético que aumentan los costos de producción, además de causar deterioro significativo al medio ambiente. En este trabajo se evaluaron 20 extractos metanólicos y 21 extractos de diclorometano de plantas pertenecientes a las familias Asclepiedaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae y Solanaceae, recolectadas en la zona de reserva Bremen-La Popa (Quindío, Colombia) a través del método de elongación del tubo germinativo de las ascoporas. Se encontró que cinco extractos metanólicos (25 por ciento) y seis de diclorometano (28.6 por ciento) presentaron actividad in vitro contra Mycosphaerella fijiensis. De acuerdo al tamizaje fitoquímico los componentes responsables de esta actividad pueden ser: alcaloides, esteroides, fenoles, flavonoides, saponinas, taninos y triterpenos, entre otros.Downloads
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