Automated Optimization of Water Supply in Horizontal Properties: An Experimental Approach in Ibagué
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.25829Keywords:
Sustainable development, Storage automation, Remote monitoring, System validation, Computer simulationAbstract
This paper addresses the problem of shortage and instability of water supply in condominium apartments in Ibagué, through the design, development and validation of an automated prototype for water reserve and supply. The solution, based on control technologies, software-assisted simulation (CAD) and monitoring devices with microcontrollers, allows optimizing the use of space and ensuring efficient operation in situations of prolonged cut-off. A quantitative-descriptive and experimental methodology was proposed, based on the identification of needs through surveys, CAD-assisted modeling and prototyping, and field validation. The results show that, although the system presents good performance in low and medium hydraulic points, it requires adjustments in the activation of the pressurizer for high points. The proposal represents a relevant contribution to the sustainable management of water resources and can be replicated in other similar urban contexts.
Downloads
References
M. M. Aral, J. Guan, and M. L. Maslia, "Optimal design of sensor placement in water distribution networks," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 5–18, Jan. 2010. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000001
G. Bang, N.-H. Gwon, M.-J. Cho, J.-Y. Park, and S.-S. Baek, "Developing a real-time water quality simulation toolbox using machine learning and application programming interface," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 377, 124719, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124719
D. W. Barreto Rosa et al., "Water quality benefits of implementing Green and Blue Infrastructure in a peri-urban catchment – Case study of a Brazilian metropolis," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 478, 143943, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143943
H. Basha and L. Malaeb, "Eulerian–Lagrangian method for constituent transport in water distribution networks," J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 133, no. 10, pp. 1155–1166, Oct. 2007. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:10(1155)
A. Bouabid and G. E. Louis, "Capacity factor analysis for evaluating water and sanitation infrastructure choices for developing communities," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 161, pp. 335–343, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.012
S. Burian, A. Kalyanapu, D. Houdeshel, D. Judi, and C. Pomeroy, "A Web Based Virtual Laboratory For Water Resources Engineering Education," in Proc. 2009 Annu. Conf. & Expo., Austin, TX, Jun. 2009. doi:10.18260/1-2--5359
D.-Q. Cao et al., "Self-powered and self-sensing water meter using contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator with harvesting local head loss," J. Water Process Eng., vol. 72, 107397, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107397
C. Zamudio Rodríguez, "Gobernabilidad sobre el recurso hídrico en Colombia: Entre avances y retos," Rev. Gestión y Ambiente, vol. 15, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/gestion
A. Chavarro Velandia, "Claves de una gestión pública del recurso hídrico. Una revisión de bibliografía," Rev. Gestión y Ambiente, vol. 14, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/gestion
Y. Chen et al., "Forecasting the potential of reclaimed water using signal decomposition and deep learning," J. Water Process Eng., vol. 65, 105770, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105770
C. Ciaponi, E. Creaco, A. Di Nardo, M. Di Natale, C. Giudicianni, D. Musmarra, and G. F. Santonastaso, "Reducing impacts of contamination in water distribution networks: A combined strategy based on network partitioning and installation of water quality sensors," Water, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 1315, 2019.
J. A. de Wit, J. C. van Dam, G. A. P. H. van den Eertwegh, M. H. J. van Huijgevoort, C. J. Ritsema, and R. P. Bartholomeus, "Controlled drainage with subirrigation systems: Reduce water supply by automatic control," Agric. Water Manage., vol. 303, 109022, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109022
F. Ding et al., "Using multiple machine learning algorithms to optimize the water quality index model and their applicability," Ecol. Indic., vol. 172, 113299, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113299
T. D. Fletcher et al., "SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more - The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage," Urban Water J., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 3–20, 2015. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314
F. J. Aguirre and D. R. Martí Capitanachi, "Taxonomía de modelos de gestión urbana del agua: experiencias de diversas latitudes y conclusiones aplicables al caso mexicano," Rev. Tecnogestión, vol. 13, pp. 76–91, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/ojs/index.php/tecges/issue/view/431
F. W. Strauch-Gómez, D. F. Gutiérrez-Martínez, J. F. Martínez-Baquero, R. D. Hernández-Beleño, and B. Méndez-Pallares, "Imnótica: sostenibilidad y comodidad," Rev. Fac. Ing. UPTC, vol. 26, pp. 131–139, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://revistas.uptc.edu.co/revistas/index.php/ingenieria/issue/archive
J. Gao, L. Zheng, S. Li, X. Nie, and K. Huang, "Analysis of water supply and usage cooperation strategies and evolutionary game among multiple stakeholders in water network," J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., vol. 58, 102258, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102258
J. G. Ríos, G. del P. Palomino Alvarado, T. V. Pereyra Gonzales, and F. Torres Delgado, "Water resources management: an international literature review," Sapienza: Int. J. Interdiscip. Stud., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 186–199, 2021. doi:10.51798/sijis.v2i1.49
M. D. Hamidi, M. J. Haenssgen, and H. C. Greenwell, "Determinants of household safe drinking water practices in Kabul, Afghanistan: New insights from behavioural survey data," Water Res., vol. 244, 120521, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120521
F. Hooshmand, F. Amerehi, and S. A. MirHassani, "Logic-based benders decomposition algorithm for contamination detection problem in water networks," Comput. Oper. Res., vol. 115, 104840, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2019.104840
J. R. Menéndez Álvarez and L. González Montpelier, "Análisis de proyectos de desarrollo de aplicaciones informáticas aplicando el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico," Avances, vol. 19, pp. 270–280, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ciget.pinar.cu/ojs/index.php/publicaciones/issue/archive
J. Karnon et al., "Modeling using discrete event simulation: A report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force–4," Value Health, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 821–827, 2012. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.04.013
J. Kwak and S. Park, "An experimental study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a synthetic jet impinging on a heated wall," Water Pract. Technol., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 437–447, 2020. doi:10.2166/wp.2020.123
"La simulación hidráulica para la toma de decisiones en GLOBAL OMIUM_TecnoAgua_JuAg 2017," Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/104735
T. A. Larsen and W. Gujer, "The concept of sustainable urban water management," Water Sci. Technol., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 3–10, 1997. doi:10.1016/s0273-1223(97)00179-0
M. Leal Meca, Aplicación del carbón activo, la clinoptilolita y la palygorskita en la sorción de contaminantes para la regeneración de aguas depuradas, tesis doctoral, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10115/13302
O. L. Leyton et al., "Estrategias Electrohidráulicas para la Seguridad Hídrica en Ibagué, Colombia: Un Enfoque Innovador en Propiedad Horizontal," Repositorio Institucional UNAD, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://repository.unad.edu.co/handle/10596/63968
R. Liang et al., "Wireless water consumption sensing system for building energy efficiency: A visual-based approach with self-powered operation," Energy Build., vol. 301, 113584, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113584
Y. Liu, F. Li, and Y. Zhao, "Optimal allocation and application of water resources based on real water saving in a region with intensive human activity," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 373, 123848, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123848
E. D. Malaver Nieto, Desarrollo de simulaciones de modelos hidráulicos como herramienta de soporte de la enseñanza del laboratorio de hidráulica, tesis profesional, Univ. Industrial de Santander, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://noesis.uis.edu.co/handle/20.500.14071/14553
P. F. Martínez-Austria and A. Vargas-Hidalgo, "Modelo dinámico adaptativo para la gestión del agua en el medio urbano," Tecnol. Cienc. Agua, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 139–154, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-24222016000400139
Programa Mundial de la UNESCO de Evaluación de los Recursos Hídricos, Informe mundial de las Naciones Unidas sobre el desarrollo de los recursos hídricos 2020: Agua y cambio climático, UNESCO, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373611
J. Qu, C. Qin, J. Chang, Y. Zhao, H. Wang, and F. He, "Impact of water transfer on socioeconomic drought in China: A new approach based on production and consumption," Agric. Water Manage., vol. 308, 109291, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109291
A. G. Rajakumar, M. S. Mohan Kumar, B. Amrutur, and Z. Kapelan, "Real-time water quality modeling with ensemble Kalman filter for state and parameter estimation in water distribution networks," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., vol. 145, no. 11, 04019049, 2019. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001118
Congreso de Colombia, "Ley 675 de 2001 por la cual se regula el régimen de propiedad horizontal," Diario Oficial, no. 44.509, Aug. 4, 2001.
R. L. Ruiz Jaramillo and H. Y. Márquez Yauri, "Cambios en la Guía del PMBOK del Project Management Institute, su Certificación y aplicación en la Gestión de Proyectos: Una revisión sistemática de literatura," SCIÉNDO, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 437–443, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/SCIENDO/article/view/4975
S. Martín Cabo, "La gestión del agua," Observatorio Medioambiental, vol. 11, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/OBMD
Y. Shastri and U. Diwekar, "Sensor placement in water networks: A stochastic programming approach," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 192–203, 2006. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:3(192)
Z. Shu et al., "An interval bilateral regulation framework of water resources supply and demand in irrigation area under water sources uncertainty," Agric. Water Manage., vol. 307, 109266, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109266
D. Spuhler, A. Scheidegger, and M. Maurer, "Generation of sanitation system options for urban planning considering novel technologies," Water Res., vol. 145, pp. 611–623, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.021
A. F. Taha et al., "Revisiting the water quality sensor placement problem: Optimizing network observability and state estimation metrics," J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., vol. 147, no. 7, WR.1943-5452.0001374, 2021. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001374
J. Temido, J. Sousa, and R. Malheiro, "SCADA and smart metering systems in water companies: A perspective based on the value creation analysis," Procedia Eng., vol. 70, pp. 1629–1638, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.180
S. Wang, A. F. Taha, and A. A. Abokifa, "How effective is model predictive control in real-time water quality regulation? State-space modeling and scalable control," Water Resour. Res., vol. 56, e2020WR027771, 2020. doi:10.1029/2020WR027771
W. Wang, T. Wang, B. Liu, J. Sha, and J. You, "A two-stage game-based model for distribution of water consumption control indicators," J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., vol. 58, 102259, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102259
Y.-Q. Wang et al., "Machine learning strategy secures urban smart drinking water treatment plant through incremental advances," Water Res., 123541, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123541
O. Yılmaz and S. Bavil, "Effect of constitutive material model on the finite element simulation of shear localization onset," Simul. Model. Pract. Theory, vol. 102, 102105, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102105
A. Zanfei, A. Menapace, B. M. Brentan, R. Sitzenfrei, and M. Herrera, "Shall we always use hydraulic models? A graph neural network metamodel for water system calibration and uncertainty assessment," Water Res., vol. 242, 120264, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120264
Q. Zhang, F. Zheng, Z. Kapelan, D. Savic, G. He, and Y. Ma, "Assessing the global resilience of water quality sensor placement strategies within water distribution systems," Water Res., vol. 172, 115527, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115527
T. D. Fletcher et al., "SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage," Urban Water J., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 525–542, 2015. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314
Referencias Congreso de Colombia, "Ley 675 de 2001 por la cual se regula el régimen de propiedad horizontal," Diario Oficial, no. 44.509, Aug. 4, 2001.
El Nuevo Día, "Ibagué clama agua en medio de una débil proyección," periódico digital, 26 de noviembre de 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.elnuevodia.com.co/nuevodia/ibague/491443-ibague-clama-agua-en-medio-de-una-debil-proyeccion
A. López Martínez, "Dinámicas de la estructura urbana: determinantes en el cambio de patrón de la segregación entre 1990 y 2014 en Ibagué, Colombia," Rev. Investiga Territorios, no. 5, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/investigaterritorios/article/view/22838
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Scientia et Technica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyrights
The journal is free open access. The papers are published under the Creative Commons Attribution / Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. For this reason, the author or authors of a manuscript accepted for publication will yield all the economic rights to the Universidad Tecnológica of Pereira free of charge, taking into account the following:
In the event that the submitted manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors must grant permission to the journal, in unlimited time, to reproduce, to edit, distribute, exhibit and publish anywhere, either by means printed, electronic, databases, repositories, optical discs, Internet or any other required medium. In all cases, the journal preserves the obligation to respect, the moral rights of the authors, contained in article 30 of Law 23 of 1982 of the Government Colombian.
The transferors using ASSIGNMENT OF PATRIMONIAL RIGHTS letter declare that all the material that is part of the article is entirely free of copyright. Therefore, the authors are responsible for any litigation or related claim to intellectual property rights. They exonerate of all responsibility to the Universidad Tecnológica of Pereira (publishing entity) and the Scientia et Technica journal. Likewise, the authors accept that the work presented will be distributed in free open access, safeguarding copyright under the Creative Commons Attribution / Recognition-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es license.