Materiales compuestos fabricados aditivamente bajo carga biaxial: revisión sistemática de su caracterización, modelado y predicción de falla

Octavio Andrés; José David Pérez-Ruiz; David Fernando Santamaría Maldonado

doi:10.22517/23447214.26500

Additively manufactured composite materials under biaxial loading: a systematic review of characterization, modeling, and failure prediction

Authors

Octavio Andrés Industrial University of Santander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2778-3389
José David Pérez-Ruiz Industrial University of Santander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-1857
David Fernando Santamaría Maldonado Industrial University of Santander https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8071-397X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.26500

Keywords:

Mechanical behavior; failure criteria; biaxial tests; additive manufacturing; composite materials.

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites offers new possibilities for structural design, yet their response under biaxial loading remains fragmented and insufficiently consolidated. This systematic review analyzes additively manufactured fiber-reinforced polymers subjected to biaxial loading. Publications from January 2014 to August 2025 were searched in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO, and Redib. Of 281 records identified, 52 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the thematic synthesis and bibliometric analysis. The evidence was classified as direct, indirect, transferred from conventional composites, or methodologically enabling. The findings reveal a limited experimental base, substantial heterogeneity in specimens and testing protocols, insufficient validation of numerical models, and few predictive criteria calibrated for printing-induced defects. Finite-element, multiscale, and machine-learning approaches show potential, but require more systematic verification, experimental validation, and sensitivity analysis. A local σ₁₁–τ₁₂ representation is proposed as a testable framework for constructing physically interpretable failure envelopes; its comparative advantage remains un demonstrated. Future research should prioritize experimental standardization, data traceability, model validation, and environmental assessment.

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Published

2026-10-01

How to Cite

Octavio Andrés, Pérez-Ruiz, J. D., & Santamaría Maldonado, D. F. (2026). Additively manufactured composite materials under biaxial loading: a systematic review of characterization, modeling, and failure prediction. Scientia Et Technica, 31(03), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.26500

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Vol. 31 No. 03 (2026): Julio-Septiembre 2026

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Mecánica

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