Association between Stress, Cortisol, and Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus


Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.25863

Keywords:

stress, cortisol, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease that represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its complications significantly affect patients’ quality of life, posing a constant challenge for public health systems. On the other hand, stress has been considered a relevant factor due to its impact on body homeostasis, mainly through activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the consequent release of cortisol, a hormone closely related to glucose metabolism.

Objective: To analyze the association between stress levels, cortisol concentrations, and blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM treated at a healthcare center in Puebla, Mexico.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted. The sample included 90 patients with T2DM, aged between 30 and 70 years, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Stress levels were assessed using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scale, which consists of 20 items designed to identify areas of diabetes-related psychosocial distress. Cortisol concentrations were determined using the ELISA technique, and fasting glucose levels were measured by spectrophotometry.

Results: A total of 71.1% of participants presented moderate stress levels, while 28.9% had severe stress. Elevated cortisol levels were observed in 50% of patients, and 30% presented hyperglycemia. No statistically significant correlation was found between stress and cortisol levels (p > 0.9999); however, a statistically significant association was observed between stress levels and blood glucose concentrations (p = 0.0001). These findings suggest that emotional stress may directly influence glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of integrating psychological approaches into the comprehensive management of T2DM, especially in contexts where socioeconomic and cultural factors may increase patient vulnerability. Considering stress as a modulator of metabolic status could contribute to improving clinical management and patients’ biopsychosocial well-being.

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Published

2026-05-16

How to Cite

Pliego-Pliego, I., Méndez-Martínez, C. R., Ramírez-Ramírez, C. S., & Osorio Espinoza, A. (2026). Association between Stress, Cortisol, and Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Revista Médica De Risaralda, 32(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.22517/25395203.25863

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